Research article
16 May 2017
Research article | 16 May 2017
An investigation of unsteady 3-D effects on trailing edge flaps
Eva Jost et al.
Related authors
Numerical analyses and optimizations on the flow in the nacelle region of a wind turbine
Pascal Weihing, Tim Wegmann, Thorsten Lutz, Ewald Krämer, Timo Kühn, and Andree Altmikus
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 503–531, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-503-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-503-2018, 2018
Short summary
About the suitability of different numerical methods to reproduce model wind turbine measurements in a wind tunnel with a high blockage ratio
Annette Claudia Klein, Sirko Bartholomay, David Marten, Thorsten Lutz, George Pechlivanoglou, Christian Navid Nayeri, Christian Oliver Paschereit, and Ewald Krämer
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 439–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-439-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-439-2018, 2018
Short summary
Related subject area
Power curve and wake analyses of the Vestas multi-rotor demonstrator
Maarten Paul van der Laan, Søren Juhl Andersen, Néstor Ramos García, Nikolas Angelou, Georg Raimund Pirrung, Søren Ott, Mikael Sjöholm, Kim Hylling Sørensen, Julio Xavier Vianna Neto, Mark Kelly, Torben Krogh Mikkelsen, and Gunner Christian Larsen
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 251–271, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-251-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-251-2019, 2019
Short summary
Blind test comparison on the wake behind a yawed wind turbine
Franz Mühle, Jannik Schottler, Jan Bartl, Romain Futrzynski, Steve Evans, Luca Bernini, Paolo Schito, Martín Draper, Andrés Guggeri, Elektra Kleusberg, Dan S. Henningson, Michael Hölling, Joachim Peinke, Muyiwa S. Adaramola, and Lars Sætran
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 883–903, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018, 2018
Numerical analyses and optimizations on the flow in the nacelle region of a wind turbine
Pascal Weihing, Tim Wegmann, Thorsten Lutz, Ewald Krämer, Timo Kühn, and Andree Altmikus
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 503–531, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-503-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-503-2018, 2018
Short summary
About the suitability of different numerical methods to reproduce model wind turbine measurements in a wind tunnel with a high blockage ratio
Annette Claudia Klein, Sirko Bartholomay, David Marten, Thorsten Lutz, George Pechlivanoglou, Christian Navid Nayeri, Christian Oliver Paschereit, and Ewald Krämer
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 439–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-439-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-439-2018, 2018
Short summary
Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: effects of inflow turbulence and shear
Jan Bartl, Franz Mühle, Jannik Schottler, Lars Sætran, Joachim Peinke, Muyiwa Adaramola, and Michael Hölling
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 329–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-329-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-329-2018, 2018
Short summary
How does turbulence change approaching a rotor?
Jakob Mann, Alfredo Peña, Niels Troldborg, and Søren J. Andersen
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 293–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-293-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-293-2018, 2018
Short summary
Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: redefining the wake width
Jannik Schottler, Jan Bartl, Franz Mühle, Lars Sætran, Joachim Peinke, and Michael Hölling
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 257–273, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-257-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-257-2018, 2018
Short summary
Assessment of wind turbine component loads under yaw-offset conditions
Rick Damiani, Scott Dana, Jennifer Annoni, Paul Fleming, Jason Roadman, Jeroen van Dam, and Katherine Dykes
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 173–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-173-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-173-2018, 2018
Short summary
Free-flow wind speed from a blade-mounted flow sensor
Mads Mølgaard Pedersen, Torben Juul Larsen, Helge Aagaard Madsen, and Søren Juhl Andersen
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 121–138, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-121-2018,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-121-2018, 2018
Short summary
A validation and code-to-code verification of FAST for a megawatt-scale wind turbine with aeroelastically tailored blades
Srinivas Guntur, Jason Jonkman, Ryan Sievers, Michael A. Sprague, Scott Schreck, and Qi Wang
Wind Energ. Sci., 2, 443–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-443-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-443-2017, 2017
Short summary
Aeroelastic stability of idling wind turbines
Kai Wang, Vasilis A. Riziotis, and Spyros G. Voutsinas
Wind Energ. Sci., 2, 415–437, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-415-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-415-2017, 2017
Short summary
Cited articles
Aparicio, M., González, A., Gomez-Iradi, S., and Munduate, X.: Development of an engineering code for the implementation of aerodynamic control devices in BEM, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 753, 082001, available at: http://stacks.iop.org/1742-6596/753/i=8/a=082001 (last access: 10 May 2017), 2016a.
Aparicio, M., Martín, R., Muñoz, A., and González, A.: AVATAR D3.3 – Results of a parametric study of flow devices, guidelines for design, Tech. rep., AVATAR project, available at: http://www.eera-avatar.eu/fileadmin/avatar/user/V28D3.3AVATAR_D33.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 2016b.
Bak, C., Zahle, F., Bitsche, R., Kim, T., Yde, A., Henriksen, L., Andersen, P., Natarajan, A., and Hansen, M.: Design and performance of a 10 MW turbine, Tech. rep., DTU, available at: http://dtu-10mw-rwt.vindenergi.dtu.dk (last access: 10 May 2017), 2013.
Bangga, G., Kim, Y., Lutz, T., Weihing, P., and Krämer, E. E.: Investigations of the inflow turbulence effect on rotational augmentation by means of CFD, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 753, 022026, available at: http://stacks.iop.org/1742-6596/753/i=2/a=022026 (last access: 10 May 2017), 2016.
Barlas, T., van der Veen, G., and van Kuik, G.: Model predictive control for wind turbines with distributed active flaps: incorporating inflow signal and actuator constraints, Wind Energy, 15, 757–771, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.503, 2012a.
Barlas, T., Zahle, F., Sørensen, N., Gaunaa, M., and Bergami, L.: Simulations of a rotor with active deformable trailing edge flaps in half-wake inflow: Comparison of EllipSys 3D with HAWC2, in: European Wind Energy Conference (EWEC), 2012b.
Barlas, T., Jost, E., Pirrung, G., Tsiantas, T., Riziotis, V., Navalkar, S., Lutz, T., and van Wingerden, J.-W.: Benchmarking aerodynamic prediction of unsteady rotor aerodynamics of active flaps on wind turbine blades using ranging fidelity tools, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 753, 022027, available at: http://stacks.iop.org/1742-6596/753/i=2/a=022027 (last access: 10 May 2017), 2016.
Bergami, L. and Gaunaa, M.: ATEFlap Aerodynamic Model, a dynamic stall model including the effects of trailing edge flap deflection, Tech. rep., DTU – Technical University of Denmark, available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/6599679/ris-r-1792.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 2012.
Bergami, L., Riziotis, V., and Gaunaa, M.: Aerodynamic response of an airfoil section undergoing pitch motion and trailing edge flap deflection: a comparison of simulation methods, Wind Energy, 18, 1273–1290, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1759, 2015.
Bernhammer, L., von Kuik, G., and Breuker, R. D.: Fatigue and extreme load reduction of wind turbine components using smart rotors, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 154, 84–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2016.04.001, 2016.
Castaignet, D., Barlas, T., Buhl, T., Poulsen, N., Wedel-Heinen, J., Olsen, N., Bak, C., and Kim, T.: Full-scale test of trailing edge flaps on a Vestas V27 wind turbine: active load reduction and system indentification, Wind Energy, 17, 549–564, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1589, 2014.
Chen, Z., Stol, K., and Mace, B.: Wind turbine blade optimisation with individual pitch and trailing edge flap control, Renew. Energ., 103, 750–765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.11.009, 2017.
Daynes, S. and Weaver, P.: A morphing trailing edge device for a wind turbine, J. Intel. Mat. Syst. Str., 23, 691–701, https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X12438622, 2012.
Ferreira, C., Gonzalez, A., Baldacchino, D., and Aparicio, M.: AVATAR D3.2 – Development of aerodynamic codes for modelling of flow devices on aerofoils and rotors, Tech. rep., AVATAR project, available at: http://www.eera-avatar.eu/fileadmin/avatar/user/Report_task_3p2__version_4_.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 2015.
Hariharan, N. and Leishman, J.: Unsteady aerodynamics of a flapped airfoil in subsonic flow by indicial concepts, J. Aircraft, 33, 855–868, https://doi.org/10.2514/3.47028, 1996.
Johansen, J. and Sørensen, N.: Aerofoil characteristics from 3D rotor CFD simulations, Wind Energy, 7, 283–294, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.127, 2004.
Jost, E., Barlas, T., Riziotis, V., and Navalkar, S.: Innwind D2.3.2 – Validation of New Control Concepts by Advanced Fluid-Structure Interaction Tools, Tech. rep., Innwind, EU project, 2015a.
Jost, E., Lutz, T., and Krämer, E.: Steady and unsteady CFD power curve simulations of generic 10 MW turbines, in: Proceedings of the 11th PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe, available at: http://www.eera-avatar.eu/fileadmin/avatar/user/ExtendedAbstract_EvaJost.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 2015b.
Jost, E., Lutz, T., and Krämer, E.: A parametric CFD study of morphing trailing edge flaps applied on a 10 MW offshore wind turbine, Energy Procedia, 94, 53–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.192, 2016.
Jost, E., Beckers, M., Lutz, T., and Krämer, E.: CFD study of trailing edge flaps for load control on wind turbines, New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics – Contributions to the STAB symposium Braunschweig, under review, 2017.
Klein, L., Lutz, T., and Krämer, E.: CFD analysis of 2-bladed wind turbine, in: Proceedings of the 10th PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe, available at: https://eawephdseminar.sciencesconf.org/conference/eawephdseminar/pages/eda_en.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 2014.
Leishman, J.: Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2006.
Leishman, J. G.: Unsteady Lift of a Flapped Airfoil by Indicial Concepts, J. Aircraft, 31, 288, https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46486, 1994.
Leishman, J. G.: Challenges in Modelling the Unsteady Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines, Wind Energy, 5, 85–132, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.62, 2002.
Madsen, H., Andersen, P., Andersen, T., Bak, C., and Buhl, T.: The potentials of the controllable rubber trailing edge flap (CRTEF), in: Proceedings of the EWEC, available at: http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/4556206/Madsen_paper_ewec_2010.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 2010.
Menter, F. R.: Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications, AIAA Journal, 32, 1598–1605, 1994.
Pirrung, G., Madsen, H., Kim, T., and Heinz, J.: A coupled near and far wake model for wind turbine aerodynamics, Wind Energy, 19, 2053–2069, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1969, 2016.
Schuff, M., Kranzinger, P., Keßler, M., and Krämer, E.: Advanced CFD-CSD coupling: Generalized, high performant, radial basis function based volume mesh deformation algorithm for structured, unstructured and overlapping meshes, in: 40th European Rotorcraft Forum, Southhampton, 2014.
Schulz, C., Letzgus, P., Lutz, T., and Krämer, E.: CFD study of yawed inflow on loads, power and near wake of a generic wind turbine, Wind Energy, 20, 253–268, https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2004, 2016.
Sørensen, N., Hansen, N., Garcia, N., Florentie, L., Boorsma, K., Gomez-Iradi, S., Prospathopoulus, J., Barakos, G., Wang, Y., Jost, E., and Lutz, T.: AVATAR D2.3 – Power curve predictions, Tech. rep., AVATAR project, available at: http://www.eera-avatar.eu/fileadmin/mexnext/user/report-d2p3.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 2015.
Theodorsen, T.: General Theory of Aerodynamic Instability and the Mechanism of Flutter, Tech. Rep. 496, NACA, available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930090935.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 1935.
Theodorsen, T. and Garrick, I. E.: Nonstationary flow about a wing-aileron-tap combination including aerodynamic balance, Tech. rep., NACA, available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930091815.pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 1942.
Troldborg, N.: Computational study of the Risø-B1–18 airfoil with a hinged flap providing variable trailing edge geometry, Wind Engineering, 2, 89–113, 2005.
Ungurán, R. and Kühn, M.: Combined individual pitch and trailing edge flap control for structural load alleviation of wind turbines, in: 2016 American Control Conference, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2016.7525262, 2016.
Wolff, T., Ernst, B., and Seume, J.: Aerodynamic behavior of an airfoil with morphing trailing edge for wind turbine applications, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 524, 012018, available at: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/524/1/012018/pdf (last access: 10 May 2017), 2014.