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Abstracted/indexed
WES | Articles | Volume 4, issue 1
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 41–55, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-41-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-41-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 41–55, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-41-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-41-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research articles 24 Jan 2019
Research articles | 24 Jan 2019
Automatic measurement and characterization of the dynamic properties of tethered membrane wings
Jan Hummel et al.Related authors
No articles found.
Johannes Oehler and Roland Schmehl
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-1-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present an experimental method for aerodynamic characterization of flexible membrane kites by in situ measurement of the relative flow, while performing complex flight maneuvers. We find that the aerodynamics of this type of wing depend not only on the angle of attack, but also on the level of aerodynamic loading and the aeroelastic deformation. We recommend using the relative power setting of the kite as a secondary influencing parameter.
Tarek N. Dief, Uwe Fechner, Roland Schmehl, Shigeo Yoshida, Amr M. M. Ismaiel, and Amr M. Halawa
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 275–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-275-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-275-2018, 2018
Related subject area
Design methods, reliability and uncertainty modelling
Performance of non-intrusive uncertainty quantification in the aeroservoelastic simulation of wind turbines
Polynomial chaos to efficiently compute the annual energy production in wind farm layout optimization
Multipoint high-fidelity CFD-based aerodynamic shape optimization of a 10 MW wind turbine
Sensitivity of Uncertainty in Wind Characteristics and Wind Turbine Properties on Wind Turbine Extreme and Fatigue Loads
Comparison between upwind and downwind designs of a 10 MW wind turbine rotor
Coupled wind turbine design and layout optimization with nonhomogeneous wind turbines
A comparison study on jacket substructures for offshore wind turbines based on optimization
Comparison of planetary bearing load-sharing characteristics in wind turbine gearboxes
Reducing the number of load cases for fatigue damage assessment of offshore wind turbine support structures using a simple severity-based sampling method
From wind to loads: wind turbine site-specific load estimation with surrogate models trained on high-fidelity load databases
A systematic approach to offshore wind turbine jacket predesign and optimization: geometry, cost, and surrogate structural code check models
Adaptive stratified importance sampling: hybridization of extrapolation and importance sampling Monte Carlo methods for estimation of wind turbine extreme loads
Generating wind power scenarios for probabilistic ramp event prediction using multivariate statistical post-processing
Establishing a robust testing approach for displacement measurement on a rotating horizontal-axis wind turbine
Application of a Monte Carlo procedure for probabilistic fatigue design of floating offshore wind turbines
Effects of defects in composite wind turbine blades – Part 3: A framework for treating defects as uncertainty variables for blade analysis
The risks of extreme load extrapolation
Monitoring offshore wind farm power performance with SCADA data and an advanced wake model
Nacelle power curve measurement with spinner anemometer and uncertainty evaluation
Combined preliminary–detailed design of wind turbines
Pietro Bortolotti, Helena Canet, Carlo L. Bottasso, and Jaikumar Loganathan
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 397–406, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-397-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-397-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper studies the effects of uncertainties in aeroservoelastic
wind turbine models. Uncertainties are associated with the wind
inflow characteristics and the blade surface state, and they are propagated
by means of two non-intrusive methods throughout the
aeroservoelastic model of a large conceptual offshore wind
turbine. Results are compared with a brute-force extensive Monte
Carlo sampling to assess the convergence characteristics of the
non-intrusive approaches.
Andrés Santiago Padrón, Jared Thomas, Andrew P. J. Stanley, Juan J. Alonso, and Andrew Ning
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 211–231, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-211-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-211-2019, 2019
Short summary
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We propose the use of a new method to efficiently compute the annual energy production (AEP) of a wind farm by properly handling the uncertainties in the wind direction and wind speed. We apply the new ideas to the layout optimization of a large wind farm. We show significant computational savings by reducing the number of simulations required to accurately compute and optimize the AEP of different wind farms.
Mads H. Aa. Madsen, Frederik Zahle, Niels N. Sørensen, and Joaquim R. R. A. Martins
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 163–192, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-163-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-163-2019, 2019
Short summary
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The wind energy industry relies heavily on CFD to analyze new designs. This paper investigates a way to utilize CFD further upstream the design process where lower-fidelity methods are used. We present the first comprehensive 3-D CFD adjoint-based shape optimization of a 10 MW modern offshore wind turbine. The present work shows that, with the right tools, we can model the entire geometry, including the root, and optimize modern wind turbine rotors at the cost of a few hundred CFD evaluations.
Amy N. Robertson, Kelsey Shaler, Latha Sethuraman, and Jason Jonkman
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2019-2, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for WES
Short summary
Short summary
This paper identifies the most sensitive parameters for the load response of a 5-MW wind turbine. Two sets of parameters are examined, one set relating to the wind excitation characteristics, and a second related to the physical properties of the wind turbine. The two sensitivity analyses are done separately, and the top most sensitive parameters are identified for different load outputs throughout the structure. The findings will guide future validation campaigns and measurement needs.
Pietro Bortolotti, Abhinav Kapila, and Carlo L. Bottasso
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 115–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-115-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-115-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper compares upwind and downwind three-bladed configurations
for a 10 MW wind turbine in terms of power and loads. For the
downwind case, the study also considers a load-aligned solution
with active coning. Results indicate that downwind solutions are
slightly more advantageous than upwind ones, although improvements
are small. Additionally, pre-alignment is difficult to achieve in
practice, and the active coning solution is associated with very
significant engineering challenges.
Andrew P. J. Stanley and Andrew Ning
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 99–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-99-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-99-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We show that optimizing wind turbine design and wind turbine layout at the same time is superior to doing so sequentially. This coupled optimization can reduce the cost of energy by 2–5 % compared to sequential optimization. We also demonstrate that wind farms with closely spaced wind turbines can greatly benefit from different turbine designs throughout the farm. Heterogeneous turbine design can reduce the cost of energy by up to 10 % compared to farms with all identical turbines.
Jan Häfele, Cristian G. Gebhardt, and Raimund Rolfes
Wind Energ. Sci., 4, 23–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-23-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-23-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To reduce the levelized costs of offshore wind energy, capital expenses of substructures have to be decreased significantly. Therefore, structural optimization approaches have been proposed in the recent past, mainly to improve the design of jackets. This work proposes a holistic approach to jacket optimization, which addresses some problems arising from methods that were presented in the literature.
Jonathan Keller, Yi Guo, Zhiwei Zhang, and Doug Lucas
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 947–960, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-947-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-947-2018, 2018
Short summary
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The US Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and industry partners successfully demonstrated a new gearbox design using preloaded tapered roller bearings in the planetary section. The new gearbox design demonstrated improved planetary load-sharing characteristics in the presence of rotor pitch and yaw moments, resulting in a predicted gearbox lifetime that is 3.5 times greater than the previous conventional design with cylindrical roller bearings.
Lars Einar S. Stieng and Michael Muskulus
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 805–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-805-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-805-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study was done in order to simplify the analysis needed for the assessment of safety criteria that offshore wind turbine support structures must satisfy. The work was done via simulations of the system and computations and analyses of the resulting data. The results show that the proposed methodology has great potential for simplifying the assessment procedure while retaining acceptable accuracy compared to the full analysis. There are several applications within both research and industry.
Nikolay Dimitrov, Mark C. Kelly, Andrea Vignaroli, and Jacob Berg
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 767–790, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-767-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-767-2018, 2018
Short summary
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Wind energy site suitability assessment procedures often require estimating the loads a wind turbine will be subject to when installed. The estimation is often time-consuming and requires several iterations. We have developed a procedure for quick and accurate estimation of site-specific wind turbine loads. Our approach employs computationally efficient parametric models that are calibrated to high-fidelity load simulations. The result is a significant reduction in computation efforts.
Jan Häfele, Rick R. Damiani, Ryan N. King, Cristian G. Gebhardt, and Raimund Rolfes
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 553–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-553-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-553-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The present work provides a technical basis for the design of jacket structures used as substructures for offshore wind turbines. This involves models for the geometry, costs, and structural design code checks. An example application is shown in this paper, in which three different structural designs are compared. This work may lead to improved design approaches and finally to a cost reduction of offshore substructures.
Peter Graf, Katherine Dykes, Rick Damiani, Jason Jonkman, and Paul Veers
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 475–487, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-475-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-475-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Current approaches to wind turbine extreme load estimation are insufficient to routinely and reliably make required estimates over 50-year return periods. Our work hybridizes the two main approaches and casts the problem as stochastic optimization. However, the extreme variability in turbine response implies even an optimal sampling strategy needs unrealistic computing resources. We therefore conclude that further improvement requires better understanding of the underlying causes of loads.
Rochelle P. Worsnop, Michael Scheuerer, Thomas M. Hamill, and Julie K. Lundquist
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 371–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-371-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-371-2018, 2018
Short summary
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This paper uses four statistical methods to generate probabilistic wind speed and power ramp forecasts from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh model. The results show that these methods can provide necessary uncertainty information of power ramp forecasts. These probabilistic forecasts can aid in decisions regarding power production and grid integration of wind power.
Nadia Najafi and Allan Vesth
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 301–311, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-301-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-301-2018, 2018
Short summary
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This paper presents a well-defined procedure for measuring the displacement on a HAWT via stereo photometry. The method is demonstrated by measuring displacement during operation of a scaled down turbine model. The method is developed in (1) camera calibration and (2) tracking algorithm. We introduce an efficient, easy and practical calibration method for measurement in the large field of views that is always a challenge. Tracking algorithm also tracks the markers during rotation successfully.
Kolja Müller and Po Wen Cheng
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 149–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-149-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-149-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
An efficient and accurate Monte Carlo approach is presented to assess the lifetime fatigue loading on a floating offshore wind turbine accurately. This is typically challenging in simulation effort due to the many different combinations of relevant environmental conditions which need to be considered. The applied method uses quasi-random Sobol sequences and shows promising performance with respect to convergence and accuracy.
Trey W. Riddle, Jared W. Nelson, and Douglas S. Cairns
Wind Energ. Sci., 3, 107–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-107-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-107-2018, 2018
Short summary
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The Department of Energy sponsored, Sandia National Laboratory led Blade Reliability Collaborative was formed to address wind turbine blade reliability. Utilizing the results of characterization and mechanical testing studies, probabilistic models were developed to assess the reliability of a wind blade with known defects. By treating defects as random variables, the results indicate that characterization of defects and reduction of design uncertainty is possible for wind turbine blades.
Stefan F. van Eijk, René Bos, and Wim A. A. M. Bierbooms
Wind Energ. Sci., 2, 377–386, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-377-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-377-2017, 2017
Short summary
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Predicting the 50-year extreme loads for wind turbines requires a tremendous computational effort. Therefore, designers often have to extrapolate from relatively small data sets and have to settle for some degree of uncertainty. We investigated the impact of this uncertainty on practical design problems by drawing subsets from a 96-year load data set and using a crude Monte Carlo method to find the 50-year load. The results show that designers have to be careful with selecting sample sizes.
Niko Mittelmeier, Tomas Blodau, and Martin Kühn
Wind Energ. Sci., 2, 175–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-175-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-175-2017, 2017
Short summary
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Efficient detection of wind turbines operating below their expected power output and immediate corrections help maximize asset value. The method presented estimates the environmental conditions from turbine states and uses pre-calculated power lookup tables from a numeric wake model to predict the expected power output. Deviations between the expected and the measured power output are an indication of underperformance. A demonstration of the method's ability to detect underperformance is given.
Giorgio Demurtas, Troels Friis Pedersen, and Rozenn Wagner
Wind Energ. Sci., 2, 97–114, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-97-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-97-2017, 2017
Short summary
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In this study we aimed to use the spinner anemometer calibration and nacelle transfer function determined on a reference wind turbine to assess the power performance of a second, identical turbine. An experiment was set up with a met mast and spinner anemometer on each turbine. For each wind turbine, the nacelle power curve agreed with the corresponding power curve within 0.10 % of AEP for the reference wind turbine and within 0.38 % for the second wind turbine, for a mean wind speed of 8 m s−1.
Pietro Bortolotti, Carlo L. Bottasso, and Alessandro Croce
Wind Energ. Sci., 1, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-1-71-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-1-71-2016, 2016
Short summary
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The paper presents a new method to conduct the holistic optimization of a wind turbine. The proposed approach allows one to define the rotor radius and tower height, while simultaneously performing the detailed sizing of rotor and tower. For the rotor, the procedures perform simultaneously the design both from the aerodynamic and structural points of view. The overall optimization seeks a minimum for the cost of energy, while accounting for a wide range of user-defined design constraints.
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Short summary
We describe a tow test setup for the reproducible measurement of aerodynamic, structural dynamic and flight dynamic properties of tethered membrane wings. The test procedure is based on repeatable automated maneuvers with the entire kite system under realistic conditions. The developed measurement method can be used to quantitatively compare different wing designs, to validate and improve simulation models, and to systematically improve kite designs.
We describe a tow test setup for the reproducible measurement of aerodynamic, structural dynamic...
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